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Phenotype Ontology
Like Gene Ontology (GO), phenotypy ontology classifies and organizes gene-mutant/null phenotypic information from the very general at the top to more specific terms in the directed acyclic graph (DAG) by viewing an individual term as a node and its relations to parental terms (allowing for multiple parents) as directed edges. To navigate this hierarchy, we display all parental phenotypic terms to the current phenotypic term of interest ordered by their shortest distances to the current term. Also, only direct children phenotypic terms of the current phenotypic term are listed. Phenotype ontologies we have incorporated are as follows:

• Human Phenotype Ontology (HP)
  HP captures phenotypic abnormalities that are described in OMIM, along with the corresponding disease-causing genes. It includes three complementary biological concepts: Mode_of_Inheritance (MI), ONset_and_clinical_course (ON), and Phenotypic_Abnormality (PA).
  
• Mouse Phenotype Ontology (MP)
  MP describes phenotypes of the mouse after a specific gene is genetically disrupted. Using it, Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) provides high-coverate gene-level phenotypes for the mouse.
  
• Worm Phenotype Ontology (WP)
  WP classifies and organizes phenotype descriptions for C. elegans and other nematodes. Using it, WormBase provides primary resource for phenotype annotations for C. elegans.
  
• Yeast Phenotype Ontology (YP)
  Based on YP which is the major contributor to the ‘Ascomycete phenotype ontology’, Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) provides single mutant phenotypes for every gene in the yeast genome.
  
• Fly Phenotype Ontology (FP)
  FP refers to FlyBase controlled vocabulary. Specifically, a structured controlled vocabulary is used for the annotation of alleles (for their mutagen etc) in FlyBase.
  
• Fly Anatomy Ontology (FA)
  FA is a structured controlled vocabulary of the anatomy of Drosophila melanogaster, used for the description of phenotypes and where a gene is expressed.
  
• Zebrafish Anatomy Ontology (ZA)
  ZA displays anatomical terms of the zebrafish using standard anatomical nomenclature, together with affected genes.
  
• Arabidopsis Plant Ontology (AP)
  As a major contributor to Plant Ontology which describes plant anatomical and morphological structures (AN) and growth and developmental stages (DE), the Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) provides arabidopsis plant ontology annotations for the model higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
  

Structural Domain Phenotype Ontology and its Annotations
Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) classifies evolutionary-related domains into Superfamily level and Family level. Using the phenotype ontologies above, we have generated the domain-centric phenotype annotations, and further identified those phenotype terms which are the most informative to annotate SCOP domains. Promisingly, domain-centric phenotypic annotations can serve as an alternative starting point to explore genotype-phenotype relationships. We provide several relevant files for the download, including the annotation and the corresponding ontology for each phenotype ontology.

• Structural Domain Human Phenotype Ontology (SDHO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2HP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDHO.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Structural Domain Mouse Phenotype Ontology (SDMO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2MP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDMO.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Structural Domain Worm Phenotype Ontology (SDWO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2WP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDWO.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Structural Domain Yeast Phenotype Ontology (SDYO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2YP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDYO.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Structural Domain Fly Phenotype Ontology (SDFO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2FP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDFO.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Structural Domain Fly Anatomy Ontology (SDFA) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2FA.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDFA.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Structural Domain Zebrafish Anatomy Ontology (SDZA) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2ZA.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDZA.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Structural Domain Arabidopsis Plant Ontology (SDAP) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for SCOP domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:Domain2AP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SDAP.txt) and mysql tables (Domain2PO.sql.gz).
  

Supra-domain Phenotype Ontology and its Annotations
Although domain-centric annotations hold great promise in describing phenotypic nature of independent domains, most domains themselves may not just work alone. In multi-domain proteins, they may be combined together to form distinct domain architectures. The recombination of the existing domains is considered as one of major driving forces for phenotypic diversificaation. As an extension, we have also generated supra-domain phenotype ontology and its annotations. Compared to domain-centric phenotype ontology and annotations (SCOP domains at the Superfamily level and Family level), this version focuses on supra-domains and individual SCOP domains ONLY at the Superfamily level. Besides, in terms of individual superfamilies, their annotations from the domain-centric version may be different from those from supra-domains version. Depending on your focus, the former should be used for the consideration of both the Superfamily level and Family level, otherwise the latter should be used if you are interested in domain combinations. Also, we provide several relevant files for the download, including the annotation and the corresponding ontology for each phenotype ontology.

• Supra-domain Domain Human Phenotype Ontology (SPHO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2HP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPHO.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Supra-domain Domain Mouse Phenotype Ontology (SPMO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2MP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPMO.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Supra-domain Domain Worm Phenotype Ontology (SPWO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2WP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPWO.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Supra-domain Domain Yeast Phenotype Ontology (SPYO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2YP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPYO.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Supra-domain Domain Fly Phenotype Ontology (SPFO) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2FP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPFO.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Supra-domain Domain Fly Anatomy Ontology (SPFA) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2FA.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPFA.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Supra-domain Domain Zebrafish Anatomy Ontology (SPZA) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2ZA.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPZA.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).
  
• Supra-domain Domain Arabidopsis Plant Ontology (SPAP) and its Annotations:
  For details, please visit Document: PO annotation for Supra-domains, wherein Data Availability contains parsable flat files (the annotation:SP2AP.txt, and the corresponding ontology:SPAP.txt) and mysql tables (SP2PO.sql.gz).